90年代中国省级区域经济与环境协调度分析   总被引：131，自引：8，他引：123  

张晓东  池天河 《地理研究》2001,20(4):506-515

在阐述经济环境协调度理论的基础上,建立了环境承载力与经济发展水平之间的协调度模型。并通过对90年代我国省级区域的实证分析,发现我国空间区域经济环境协调度基本符合“U”型曲线,区域经济发展模式大多以牺牲环境为代价,特别是中西部地区的问题比较严重。  相似文献   

外界条件变化对天然气水合物相平衡曲线及稳定带厚度的影响   总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

王淑红  宋海斌  颜文 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(3):761-768

目前，有关天然气水合物的相关研究越来越多，而天然气水合物相平衡曲线和稳定带厚度的研究也变得越来越重要.本文利用Sloan的CSMHYD程序研究了外界条件变化对天然气水合物相平衡曲线及稳定带厚度的影响.研究结果表明：当天然气水合物中含有其他气体时，除了氮气会使水合物稳定存在的区域变小外；其他气体都会使稳定区域变大，且甲烷含量越少，水合物越容易形成；对于本文中所提到的几种气体，丙烷和硫化氢对相平衡曲线的影响最大；另外，水合物稳定存在的区域会随着盐度增加而变小.地温梯度、水深、海底温度、气体组成和孔隙水盐度对稳定带厚度的影响不同，其中稳定带厚度与地温梯度呈指数相关关系，与水深呈对数相关关系，与海底温度、水合物中甲烷含量及气体组成呈线性相关关系.水深从1 000 m增加到4 000 m时，稳定带厚度增加了大约400 m；水深2 000 m情况下，地温梯度从0.02℃/m到0.1℃/m变化时，稳定带厚度减薄了大约660 m；底水温度从0~17℃的变化过程中，稳定带厚度减薄了大约1000m；在水合物中气体组成从纯甲烷到含20%乙烷时，稳定带厚度增加了大约170m；盐度在0~4.5 wt％的变化中，稳定带厚度减薄了大约130 m.由此可见，在这几种因素中，地温梯度和底水温度对稳定带厚度的影响较大.  相似文献   

瞬态瑞雷面波法在公路工程地质勘察中的应用     

刘长平  郭正言 《安徽地质》2007,17(2):124-127

结合安徽省高速公路建设工程实例,介绍瞬态瑞雷面波勘探技术在公路工程地质勘察中的应用,解决沿线高边坡、深路堑、桥梁、隧道进出口的岩土分层,给出基岩风化分带等工程地质问题,省时、省力,取得了良好的经济效益和环境效益.  相似文献   

环境库兹涅茨曲线在文山县城的应用     

丁贤法 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(3):50-54

环境库兹涅茨曲线认为随着经济发展，环境质量先下降后改善，环境质量与收入之间表现为倒U形曲线，这意味着经济发展最终会解决环境问题。应用这一思想，根据1991～2000年文山县城区大气污染指数及1998～2002年盘龙河水污染物浓度与同期人均居民收入进行了回归分析，发现对多数污染物而言，表现为N形的高次曲线能很好的拟合两者之间的关系，据此提出一种简单但普遍的机理来解释EKC曲线，即经济发展对环境质量的正负反馈作用决定其在涨落中演变。  相似文献   

The stiffness degradation and damping ratio evolution of Taipei Silty Clay under cyclic straining   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chung-Jung Lee  Sheau-Feng Sheu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(8):730-740

The non-linear behavior of Taipei Silty Clay under cyclic strain loading was investigated through a series of undrained cyclic strain-controlled tests. The Ramberg–Osgood equation was used with our proposed stiffness degradation model to calculate degraded secant moduli. The proposed degradation model is simple in that it has only one more component than Idriss's model, the modulus ratio for the first cycle, which reflects the effects of the previous cyclic strain history and the current level of the cyclic strain amplitude, and can be used to describe softening and hardening behavior under irregular cyclic straining. It was found that the Ramberg–Osgood equation successfully predicts the damping ratio for small to medium strains. However, it overestimates the damping ratio for larger strains, so we suggest it can be corrected with a damping ratio index. In addition, the proposed equation for describing the evolution of the damping ratio provides the means to assess the variation for Taipei Silty Clay in the measured damping ratio with both the number of cycles and the strain amplitude.  相似文献   

Logic-tree Approach for Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis and its Applications to the Japanese Coasts   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tadashi Annaka  Kenji Satake  Tsutomu Sakakiyama  Ken Yanagisawa  Nobuo Shuto 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):577-592

For Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA), we propose a logic-tree approach to construct tsunami hazard curves (relationship between tsunami height and probability of exceedance) and present some examples for Japan for the purpose of quantitative assessments of tsunami risk for important coastal facilities. A hazard curve is obtained by integration over the aleatory uncertainties, and numerous hazard curves are obtained for different branches of logic-tree representing epistemic uncertainty. A PTHA consists of a tsunami source model and coastal tsunami height estimation. We developed the logic-tree models for local tsunami sources around Japan and for distant tsunami sources along the South American subduction zones. Logic-trees were made for tsunami source zones, size and frequency of tsunamigenic earthquakes, fault models, and standard error of estimated tsunami heights. Numerical simulation rather than empirical relation was used for estimating the median tsunami heights. Weights of discrete branches that represent alternative hypotheses and interpretations were determined by the questionnaire survey for tsunami and earthquake experts, whereas those representing the error of estimated value were determined on the basis of historical data. Examples of tsunami hazard curves were illustrated for the coastal sites, and uncertainty in the tsunami hazard was displayed by 5-, 16-, 50-, 84- and 95-percentile and mean hazard curves.  相似文献   

Approximation of interfacial properties in multiphase porous medium systems     

J.E. McClure  D. Adalsteinsson  C. Pan  W.G. Gray  C.T. Miller 《Advances in water resources》2007

We investigate the estimation of interfacial areas, curvatures, and common curve lengths in multiphase porous medium systems. Algorithms are developed to obtain estimates of these quantities based upon a variety of potential data sources and estimation approaches. The accuracy of the derived approximations are evaluated as a function of the data type and resolution of the data. The methods advanced improve upon standard approaches now in use and show excellent accuracy at resolutions on the order of five lattice points per minimum radius of curvature of the object being resolved. Finally, we suggest a promising class of extensions that could lead to further improvements in the accuracy of such methods.  相似文献   

土壤水分特性曲线的分形模拟   总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23       下载免费PDF全文

黄冠华  詹卫华 《水科学进展》2002,13(1):55-60

应用Menger海绵结构模型,推导出包含有分形维数的土壤水分特征曲线的解析模型,该模型与Brook Corey (1964)及Campbell (1974)经验模型的结构相似。通过对不同地区所采集的10种土壤样本利用压力薄膜仪实测得到水分特性曲线资料反求得到相应的分形维数,分析了分形维数与土壤质地、结构之间的关系,结果表明分形维数随土壤粘粒含量的增大而增大,随砂粒含量的增大而减小。同时对土壤水分特性曲线模型的分形维数与基于质量的土壤颗粒分布分形维数进行了比较,结果表明,两者十分接近,而且具有良好的线性相关关系。根据上述关系,利用易测得的土壤粒径分形维数结合所推导的解析模型,对土壤水分特性曲线进行了预测,预测值与实测值具有良好的一致性。  相似文献   

水体中硫化物测定方法探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘洪林  于志强  吴启鲁  徐红蔚 《水科学进展》2002,13(2):211-214

通过对测定硫化物标准曲线的质量保证及不同污染程度水样的前处理方法的探讨,得出硫化物标准溶液需现用现配及针对污染程度不同的水样分别采取直接测定、抽滤测定和酸化-吹气法测定的结论.  相似文献   

多道瞬态瑞雷波法在探测煤矿采空区中的应用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

常锁亮  李贵山等 《中国煤田地质》2002,14(3):70-72

采空区探测是工程建筑和煤矿生产中亟待解决的问题。常规物探方法在对落后的“房—柱”式开采技术造成的面积较小、埋深较浅的采空区进行探测时存在漏报或误报的情况。根据采空区的地球物理特征,探讨多道瞬态瑞雷波技术的探测机理,并通过勘探实例阐述了该方法在浅层煤矿采空区探测中的实用性和有效性。  相似文献